PHYSIOLOGY Study Guide- Final Exam

Hints:

v Read chapter Summaries and do Self-Quiz questions for practice.

v Rewrite or type your class notes. Change format- convert to tables or concept maps. Highlight relevant notes.

v Explain concepts to friends, family, pets.

v Review handouts, quizzes and labs. Review PPTs online.

v Within each chapter section, study vocabulary in bold or italic type.

v Use supportive vocabulary sheets to learn vocabulary more deeply

v Get a good night’s sleep and eat a high protein breakfast.

Basics:

v Study! Receipt of a note card does not mean you don’t have to study.

v Notecard: only my notecards allowed, requested donation for El Salvador charity, must write directly on card, both sides OK

v Bring sharp #2 pencils, optional pen and an eraser. Come prepared!

v Bring unused bathroom passes for bonus. Remember, non-transferable!

Test Format:

v part scantron

v free response including diagrams, short answer, short essay

Topics to Study:

chapter 1- Levels of organization (1.3)

• describe levels of organization in the body and order them from smallest to largest

chapter 4- Tissues, Integument (4.1 - 4.4, 4.8)

• compare the locations, structures, functions and unique characteristics/abilities of the 4 tissue types
• define tissue
• list the functions of the integumentary system
• describe the layers, structures & functions of the skin
• explain skin color variation and latitude (geography)

chapter 5- Skeletal system (5.1 - 5.2, 5.5)

• describe microscopic structure of compact bone, structure of a long bone
• contrast the roles of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes
• describe the functions of bone tissue
• compare red & yellow marrow (location & function)
• compare synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous joints and their ability to move
• define the role of ligaments, tendons, cartilage, synovial fluid in a freely moveable joint
• identify major bones on the skeleton
• identify the tissues of a synovial joint
• compare and identify joint movements, cartilaginous, fibrous, synovial joints
• explain what arthritis, bone fractures, sprains, strains, rickets are

chapter 6- Muscular system (6.1 – 6.3)

o compare structure, function, location, number of nuclei of 3 muscle types

o describe structure & organization of skeletal muscle

o describe how antagonistic muscle pairs work

o contrast appearance and structure of slow vs. fast muscle fibers

o describe structure of a sarcomere

o explain what happens at the level of the sarcomere when a muscle contracts

o describe Duschenne muscular dystrophy

o describe how aerobic exercise and weight training affect muscle tissue

Immune System (ch 10, class notes)

• How are viruses and bacteria different and how does this affect the way they infect the body and the way the body fights them?
• Define antigen, pathogen
• Explain importance of specificity, self-nonself recognition, memory, diversity in immune response
• Describe the nonspecific defenses of the 1^st and 2^nd lines of defense
• Compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity in terms of which cells carry out regulation and pathogen destruction, targeted pathogens, mode of destruction

chapter 16- Reproductive systems (16.1 - 16.5)

• identify and describe structure & function of parts of the male and female reproductive systems
• trace the path of sperm from testes to the opening of the penis
• draw a sperm cell, label its parts and describe the function of the acrosome, mitochondria and tail.